The structure of “The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne is significant in shaping the narrative and themes of the novel. Here is an overview of the structure:
- Custom-House Introduction: The novel begins with a brief introductory section set in the Custom-House, where the narrator, presumably Hawthorne himself, works. This section serves as a framing device, providing background information and setting the tone for the story.
- Main Narrative: The main narrative follows a chronological sequence of events. It tells the story of Hester Prynne, a young woman in 17th-century Puritan Boston, who is publicly shamed for committing adultery and forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” on her chest as a symbol of her sin.
- Three Scaffold Scenes: The novel features three scaffold scenes, which are significant moments of public exposure and reflection. The first scaffold scene introduces Hester’s punishment and her public humiliation. The second scene occurs in the middle of the novel, where Dimmesdale stands on the scaffold in secret, tormented by his guilt. The final scaffold scene marks the climax of the story, where Hester, Dimmesdale, and Pearl stand together in front of the community, revealing their hidden truths.
- Parallel Plotlines: The main plotline focuses on Hester’s journey and her struggle with societal judgment and redemption. Running alongside this plotline are the intertwined stories of Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, Hester’s secret lover, and Roger Chillingworth, Hester’s vengeful husband. These parallel plotlines create a web of relationships and conflicts, exploring themes of sin, guilt, and the complexities of human nature.
- Symbolic and Allegorical Elements: Throughout the novel, there are numerous symbolic and allegorical elements that contribute to the structure. These include the scarlet letter “A,” Pearl, the forest, and the meteor, among others. These symbols and allegories enhance the thematic depth and provide layers of meaning within the narrative.
- Climax and Resolution: The climax of the novel occurs during the final scaffold scene when the truth about Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth is revealed. This leads to resolution and closure for the characters. The novel concludes with a brief epilogue that reflects on the lasting impact of the events and offers philosophical reflections.
The structure of “The Scarlet Letter” allows Hawthorne to explore the themes of sin, guilt, redemption, and the complexities of human relationships. The use of scaffold scenes, parallel plotlines, and symbolic elements adds depth and layers to the narrative, engaging readers in a thought-provoking exploration of moral dilemmas and societal expectations.
